SACRIFICING DREAMS ON THE ALTAR OF TRIBALISM AND RELIGIOUS HATRED

By: Nmesoma Olivia Uba, Aba

Nigeria, often celebrated as the "Giant of Africa," is a nation endowed with vast human and natural resources. With over 200 million people and more than 250 ethnic groups, it stands as a testament to diversity. Yet, this diversity, instead of being a source of strength, has frequently been manipulated into a tool for division. Tribalism and religious hatred have become entrenched in the nation's fabric, leading to missed opportunities, stunted growth, and a perpetual cycle of conflict.

Igboland in a map

Nigeria's colonial history laid the groundwork for its current ethno-religious tensions. The British colonialists, in their quest for administrative convenience, amalgamated diverse ethnic and religious groups without fostering a sense of national identity. Post-independence, political leaders have often exploited these divisions for personal gain, leading to policies and practices that favour certain groups over others.

THE COST OF TRIBALISM AND RELIGIOUS HATRED

1. Economic Implications:

Ethno-religious conflicts have severely hampered Nigeria's economic development. Regions plagued by violence witness the destruction of infrastructure, displacement of populations, and disruption of economic activities. For instance, the Middle Belt, known as Nigeria's food basket, has seen significant declines in agricultural output due to persistent farmer-herder clashes. A study focusing on Benue State revealed that insecurity led to a decrease in both crop and livestock production, directly impacting food security and livelihoods. 

Moreover, the pervasive insecurity discourages both local and foreign investments. Investors are wary of committing resources to regions where their assets and personnel are at risk. This capital flight exacerbates unemployment and poverty, creating a fertile ground for further unrest.

2. Educational Disruptions:

Education, a cornerstone for national development, has not been spared. Schools in conflict zones are often targets of attacks or are forced to shut down due to safety concerns. The northern region, in particular, has witnessed a decline in educational attainment, with many children unable to complete their studies. This educational gap not only limits individual potential but also deprives the nation of a skilled workforce necessary for development.

3. Social Fragmentation:

The persistent emphasis on ethnic and religious identities over national unity has led to deep-seated mistrust among communities. Inter-ethnic marriages are discouraged, and communal interactions are often viewed with suspicion. This social fragmentation undermines efforts to build a cohesive society, making collaborative initiatives and nation-building endeavors challenging.

Politicians have consistently leveraged ethnic and religious sentiments to gain and maintain power. Election campaigns are often laced with divisive rhetoric, appealing to tribal loyalties rather than national interests. Appointments to public offices are frequently based on ethnic affiliations, sidelining merit and competence. Such practices not only breed resentment but also lead to inefficiencies in governance. 

Religious intolerance has manifested in various forms, from discriminatory policies to outright violence. In northern Nigeria, for instance, individuals who deviate from dominant religious norms face persecution. The arrest and imprisonment of Mubarak Bala, a prominent atheist, highlight the dangers faced by those who challenge religious orthodoxy. 

Furthermore, extremist groups like Boko Haram and ISWAP have targeted religious minorities, leading to thousands of deaths and displacements. A report by Open Doors International noted that in 2023 alone, nearly 5,000 Christians were killed in Nigeria due to their faith. 

The continuous emphasis on ethnic and religious identities has hindered the development of a cohesive national identity. Citizens often prioritize tribal affiliations over national allegiance, leading to a fragmented sense of belonging. This lack of unity makes it challenging to mobilize collective efforts towards national development and fosters an environment where parochial interests supersede national goals.

Pathways to Reconciliation and Growth

1. Promoting Inclusive Governance:

To bridge the divides, Nigeria must adopt policies that promote inclusivity. The Federal Character Principle, which aims to ensure equitable representation of all ethnic groups in public service, should be implemented earnestly. Appointments and resource allocations should be based on merit and fairness, ensuring that no group feels marginalized.

2. Strengthening Interfaith and Interethnic Dialogues:

Initiatives like the Jos Forum Inter-communal Dialogue Process have shown promise in fostering understanding among diverse communities. By facilitating open dialogues, communities can address grievances, build trust, and develop collaborative solutions to shared challenges. 

3. Educational Reforms:

Integrating peace education and civic studies into school curricula can instill values of tolerance and unity from an early age. Educating the youth about the dangers of tribalism and religious hatred can pave the way for a more harmonious society.

4. Economic Empowerment:

Addressing economic disparities can mitigate the allure of divisive ideologies. By creating job opportunities, especially in marginalized regions, and supporting small and medium enterprises, the government can reduce poverty and promote social cohesion.

Embracing Unity in Diversity

Nigeria stands at a crossroads. The path of division, marked by tribalism and religious hatred, leads to continued strife and underdevelopment. Conversely, embracing unity in diversity offers a route to peace, prosperity, and national transformation. ...and national transformation.

It's time we stop sacrificing dreams on the altar of tribalism and religious hatred, and start building a Nigeria where opportunities are not determined by where you're from or what you believe, but by who you are and what you carry within.